Principles of beneficence and non-maleficence Essay

_In order to have a common basis of understanding some words bespeak to be defined__BENEFICENCE_ _The natural process of helping others and performing actions that would result in realise to another some single.__NON-MALEFICENCE_ _The escape of causing suffering or evil by doing a certain action or by not doing any action at all.__PHYSICIAN_ _is a professional who practices medicine, which is concerned with promoting, maintaining or restoring human wellness through the study, diagnosis, and interference of disease, injury and other physical and mental impairments_._TORT_ A civil wrong committed against a mortal or property, excluding breach of contract.BENEFICENCE AND NON-MALEFICENCEAs the principles of beneficence and non-maleficence be closely related, they be discussed together in this section. Beneficence pick ups balancing the benefits of treatment against the risks and costs involved, whereas non-maleficence means avoiding the causation of stultification. As many treatments involve some degree of harm, the principle of non-maleficence would imply that the harm should not be disproportionate to the benefit of the treatment. Respecting the principles of beneficence and non-maleficence may in certain circumstances mean failing to respect a soulfulnesss autonomy i.e. respecting their visits about a particular treatment. For example, it may be necessary to provide treatment that is not desired in order to prevent the development of a future, more serious wellness problem. The treatment might be unpleasant, uncomfortable or even painful but this might involve less harm to the patient than would occur, were they not to have it.In cases where the patient lacks legal competence to shit a decision, medical staffs are expected to act in the best interests of the patient. In doingso, they may contemplate into account the principles of beneficence and non-maleficence. However, it would be helpful for medical staff in such cases, if the patient miss capacity had made an advance directive. Nevertheless, as will be seen in the following section on the position of advance directives alongside current wishes, problems may arise when there is a conflict between what a person requested in an advance directive and what in the physicians view is in their best interests, particularly in cases where it is no longer clear that the person in misgiving would still agree with the decision previously made.Examples of BeneficenceResuscitating a drowning victim.Providing vaccinations for the general population.Encouraging a person to quit smoking, etc.Examples of Non-maleficenceStopping a medication that is shown to be harmful.Refusing to provide a treatment that has not been shown to be effective.One of the most common ethical dilemmas arises in the balancing of beneficence and non-maleficence. This balance is the one between the benefits and risks of treatment and plays a role in nearly every medical decision such as whether to order a part icular test, medication, procedure, operation or treatment. By providing informed consent, physicians give patients the education necessary to understand the scope and nature of the potential risks and benefits in order to make out a decision. in the end it is the patient who assigns weight to the risks and benefits. Nonetheless, the potential benefits of any intervention must outweigh the risks in order for the action to be ethical.TORTSAlso known as Negligence, the person guilty of committing a tort is called TORTFEASOR.The two types of torts are_Intentional_ such as ASSAULT (threat or bodily harm to another), BATTERY (An action that causes bodily harm or injury), DEFAMATION OF CHARACTER (An action damaging a persons reputation by making public statements), FALSE IMPRISONMENT (Intentional and unlawful restraint or confinement of one person by another), FRAUD (Intentional misrepresentation to take advantage of the resources of another person), INVASION OF PRIVACY (An intrusion i nto a persons seclusion or private affairs)._Unintentional_ this one is when there is a non intended harm is caused but committed unreasonably or with a disregard for the consequences.There are four elements that make a person eligible for liability. Those elements are known as THE FOUR DS OF slight, which are Duty, Derelict, Direct Cause and Damages. A complaint has to include all four elements or the accost will not consider the claim.In conclusion, the presence of these two principles is important because, they provide a transcription of checks and balances for providers and patients in making decisions concerning medical care, and they are necessary to a patients autonomy or independence in making his/her own decision.